Martha Stewart

(Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, La Chaux-de-Fonds, 1887 – Cap Martin, 1965) Swiss-born French architect who was, together with Walter Gropius, the main protagonist of the international architectural renaissance of the twentieth century. Besides being one of the great innovators of modern architecture, was a tireless cultural agitator, work passionately served throughout his life. In his writings he gained a deserved reputation as polemicist and provided a real flow of innovative ideas that have made his work a decisive influence on later architecture.

Only trained craft, built his first house at age seventeen. He learned then the best architects of his time: Josef Hoffmann, Auguste Perret, and Peter Behrens. In 1919 he founded with Amadeo Ozenfant Purism, a derivation of Cubism. Also created a magazine, L’Esprit Nouveau, from throwing his proclamations against the School of Fine Arts and lashed the dictates of a tradition stagnant and outdated.

In 1921 Le Corbusier published a paper setting out a completely new housing. To save your time line, the house must be a “machine for living” and approved the rest of goods that make up the technological society. This was not defending the aesthetics or the spirit driver, but was trying to make a home as functionally efficient as were the machines in the tasks for which they had been invented.

Modern life brought with it a series of demands whose satisfaction could not be found in the survival of traditional architecture; was therefore necessary to adapt the architecture to industrial civilization. “We like each clean air and sunshine in abundance…” He said. The house is a machine for living, bathing, sun, hot and cold water, temperature controlled at will, preserving food, hygiene, beauty through suitable proportions. An armchair is a machine to sit… the toilets are washing machines… The world of our work has created their stuff: clothes, pen, razor, typewriter, the Phone… the limousine, the steamship and the airplane. ”

So it was absolutely necessary to also create a new architecture, and Le Corbusier founded around five basic points: the use of piles (support elements), rooftop gardens, free shaping of plants, windows, and free training of the facade, all within a strict geometrical order as the sole generator of “pure volumes.” These solutions would become fundamental and paradigmatic features of architectural rationalism.

Le Corbusier’s utopia was to create a new urban reality, a city that was a synthesis between nature and technology development. To do this, architecture and urbanism should be fully integrated. Le Corbusier conceived as interaction space planning of civilization in the space of nature and his ideal city, designed in 1922, is built vertically, leaving large areas free of the soil surface, which become green space for discourse below the buildings. They stand on piles, leaving the lower floors as free space communication. The roofs, turned into gardens, are no longer useless spaces and the streets are large in size and traffic is organized in main roads quickly, clearly separated from pedestrian areas.

Given the chaos of large cities, unable to absorb the relentless crush of vehicles and people, Le Corbusier dreamed of a city of skyscrapers linked by gardens and highways, but their dreams were just paper and dozens of skyscrapers planned but never built none. In the twenties, still had to settle for the construction of detached houses, one of these, which has gone down in history as a magnificent example of rationalism Le Corbusier, the Villa Savoye (1928-1929, Le Possy), an application of home supported by piles, connected with the outside through large windows and interior spaces connected.

In the postwar reconstruction period, Le Corbusier invented a city featuring unités d’habitation, modular elements of a new urban development. His idea was to build large apartment buildings equipped with the necessary services to become self-sufficient units and fragmented sleep found a realization in the Unité d’habitation de Marseille (1947-1952).

The building was designed as a great framework in which households are embedded, contains three hundred thirty-seven duplex apartments, the seventh and eighth floors are reserved for commercial shops, the terrace is home to several community facilities: gym, running track, theater outdoor, daycare and pool, and the coloring on the front of the niches of the windows and balconies, painted in blue, yellow, red and green, breaks the monotony of concrete.

The building soon became known in Marseille as the “crazy house” and was widely questioned. Despite the many shortcomings that the realities of the building revealed, was the new architecture model for a generation of architects and many of their ideas would become customary in the later building. Le Corbusier continued to improve the project throughout its life, although only one Unité d’habitation built in Nantes.

Le Corbusier made development plans for many cities, including Paris (1925), Algiers (1931), Barcelona (1932), Stockholm (1933), or Saint-Die (1945). The Charter of Athens (1943), his most important writing with Towards an architecture (1923), Le Corbusier set out the general principles that inspire new trends of modern urbanism. Among them is the commitment to building open, as opposed to planning based on closed blocks, allows the concentration of housing in height to leave large open spaces occupied by gardens, also advocated by Le Corbusier sectionalism of the city, dividing it into specialized areas (commercial, administrative, recreational). This ideal of city has been built by other architects in the peripheries of large cities, but often these achievements are but gross trivialized the fantastic utopia of Le Corbusier.

PROJECTS / Projects 1906-1907 Casa Fallet, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland. Villa Stotzer 1907, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland. Villa Jacquemet 1907, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland. Urban Project 1908, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland. 1912 Villa Favre-Jacot, Le Locle, Switzerland. 1912 Casa Jeanneret-Perret, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland. Warehouse Project 1913, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland. Project 1914 Cité-jardin aux Crêtets, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland. House Project 1914 “Dom-Ino.” Project Pont Butin 1915, Geneva, Switzerland. Le Moulinet 1915 Project. 1916 Villa Schwob, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland. Film 1916 La Scala, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland. Immeuble Project locatif 1916. Project 1916 Villa Paul Poiret. Project 1916 Villa au bord de la mer. Usine Project hydroélectrique 1917, Isle-Jourdain, France. Project 1917 Maison ouvrière, Saintes, France. 1917 Chateau d’Eau, Podensac, France. 1917 ouvrière Cité, Saint Nicolas d’Aliermont, France. Abattoirs Project 1917, Challuy, France. Abattoirs Project 1918, Garchisy, France. Project 1919 Cité du ouvrière Vouldy, Troyes, France. Maisons Project Monol 1919. 1920 Maison Citrohan Project. Maisons Project ouvrière 1920, Grand Couronne, France. Maisons Project ouvrière 1920. Manufacture Saint Gobain, Thourotte, France. Maisons Project ouvrière 1920. Le Pont Vert, Ecouen, France. Project 1920 in Maisons ouvrière série. Aménagement 1921 Berque the town, Paris, France. Maison-atelier Ozenfant 1922, Paris, France. Project 1922 Ville contemporaine pour trois millions d’habitants. Project 1922 Immeubles-villas. Project 1922 Maison d’artiste. Stade Project 1922. 1922 Villa Besnus, Vaucresson, France. 1923 Project Planning, Corseaux, Switzerland. Project 1923 Lotissement Peugeot, Audincourt, France. Project 1923 Fonson Maison, Beaulieu-sur-Mer, France. Project 1923 Maison Ribot. Project 1923 Maison de week-end, Rambouillet, France. 1923 Villa Ternisien, Boulogne, France. 1923 Villas-Miestchaninoff Lipchitz, Boulogne, France. 1923 Casa La Roche-Jeanneret, Paris, France. Project 1923 Villa Marcel, Paris, France. 1923-1925 Villa “Le Lac” Corseaux, Switzerland. Project 1924 Lotissement, Colombes, France. Project 1924 Maisons pour artisans. 1924 Draft Fort House Maison, Paris, France. Villa Planeix 1924, Paris, France. Project 1924 Galerie. Appartement Paul Guillaume, Paris, France. 1924 Maison du Tonkin, Bordeaux, France. 1924 Lotissement of Lege, Lege, France. Project 1924 Maison Canale, Boulogne-sur-Seine, France. Modern Barrios Fruges 1924-1926, Pessac, France. Pavilion 1925 “L’Esprit Nouveau, Paris, France. Garage Project 1925 Sensaud et Lavaud, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. Draft 1925 Plan Voisin, Paris, France. Cité 1925 Garden Project. Villa Project 1925, Bordeaux, France. Project 1925 Villa Meyer, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. Villa Project Mongermon 1925, Paris, France. Project 1925 Immeubles-villas, Boulogne sur Seine, France. Project 1925 Cité Universitaire, Paris, France. Project 1925 Immeuble Pleyel, salle de danse, Paris, France. Manufacture Project Fruges 1926, Bordeaux, France. Project 1926 Villa Joseph et Hanau, Vaucresson, France. Project 1926 Maison minimum. Immeuble Project 1926, stade, garage Cardinet, Paris, France. Garage Project 1926 Raspail, Paris, France. Project 1926 Pellegrini Galerie, Paris, France. Bureaux Project Omega 1926, Paris, France. Propriété Dampt Project 1926, Paris, France. Armée du Salut 1926, Palais du Peuple, Paris, France. Project 1926 Cumenge Maison, Bordeaux, France. Project Dutheil 1926 Maison Atelier, Paris, France. Garage Project 1926 et Lotissement Berque, Paris, France. Maison Guiette 1926, Anvers, Belgium. 1926 Villa Cook, Boulogne, France. Project 1926 Villa Princesse de Polignac, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. Homes Weissenhofsiedlung 1926-1927, Stuttgart, Germany. 1926-1928 Villa Stein-de Monzie, Vaucresson, France. Project 1927 Palais de la Société des Nations, Geneva, Switzerland. 1927 Pavillon Nestlé, Paris, France. 1927 Villa Church, Ville d’Avray, France. Wanner 1928 Immeuble Project, Geneva, Switzerland. Villa Ocampo Project 1928, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Villa Baizeau 1928, Carthage, Tunisia. 1928-1931 Villa Savoye, Poissy, France. Centrosoyuz 1928-1936, Moscow, Russia. Imprimerie Project 1929 Draeger et Frères, Montrouge, France. Project 1929 Ma Maison-atelier Le CorbusierFrancia résidence. Maisons Project Loucheur 1929. Mundaneum Project 1929, Musée mondial, Geneva, Switzerland. 1929 Armée du Salut, Asile Flottante, Rive gauche de la Seine, viaduc métropolitain d’Au, France. Monteclin Quarter 1929 Project, Bièvres, France. Project 1929 Eglise, Le Tremblay, France. Project 1929 Aménagement de la Porte Maillot, Paris, France. Villa Project Jacquin 1929, Bois-Colombes, France. 1929 Project Planning, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Maison J. 1929 Draft Canneel, Brussels, Belgium. Project 1929 Urbanism, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Appartement of Beistegui 1929, Paris, France. 1929 Villa de Mandrot, Le Pradet, France. Cite de Refuge 1929-1933, Paris, France. Pavillon d’aviation 1930 Project STAR, Le Bourget, France. Draft 1930 Plan of Moscow (see ville), Moscow, Russia. Project 1930 Palais des Soviets, Moscow, Russia. Immeuble Project Wienner 1930, Geneva, Switzerland. Immeuble Project Eaux Vives 1930, parcel 121, Geneva, Switzerland. Harris Villa Project 1930, Vevey, Switzerland. Project 1930 radieuse Ville. Project 1930 Aménagement du carrefour Raspail, Paris, France. 1930 Maison ErrazurizChile Project. Project 1930 Villa Martinez de Hoz, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 1930 Project Planning, projets A, B, C, H, Algiers, Algeria. Immeuble Clarté 1930, Geneva, Switzerland. 1930 Pavillon Suisse, Cité Universitaire, Paris, France. Project 1930 Ecole Manin, Paris, France. Villa Project Goldenberg 1930, Paris, France. Project 1931 Musée des artistes vivants, Nesle-la-Vallée, France. Project 1931 Centre d’art contemporain, Paris, France. Lotissement Project 1931, Barcelona, Spain. Project 1931 Cinéma La Coupole boulevard du Montparnasse, Paris, France. 1931-1934 Building Porte Molitor, Paris, France. Project 1932 Immeuble Invalides, rue Fabert, Paris, France. Project 1932 S. Immeuble locatif Z. C. H. , Zurich, Switzerland. Armée du Salut Project 1932, cité d’hébergement, Paris, France. Immeuble Project 1933, maison locative Lafon, Algiers, Algeria. Project 1933 Immeuble GB, Boulogne-sur-Seine, France. 1933 Urban Development Project, Geneva, Switzerland. 1933 Urban Development Project, Stockholm, Sweden. Project 1933 Unité d’habitation, Petit-Clamart, France. Immeuble Project Rentenanstalt 1933, Zurich, Switzerland. Draft 1933 Urban rive gauche de l’Escaut, Anvers, Belgium. Project 1933 Maison Ponsik locative, Algiers, Algeria. Project 1933 Durand Lotissement Ouchaïa Oued, Algiers, Algeria. Project 1933 Petite maison, CMA, Algiers, Algeria. Draft 1933 Plan Macia, Barcelona, Spain. 1933 Project Planning, Nemours, Algeria. Heng Villa Project 1934, Paris, France. Project 1934 Ferme et village radieux (réorganisation agraire). Sanatorium Project 1934, Zurich, Switzerland. Project 1934 Immeuble ZCHA pour ouvriers, Zurich, Switzerland. Project 1934 Musée de la ville et de l’état, Paris, France. Project 1934 Immeuble Bastion Kellermann, Paris, France. Project 1934 Immeuble Dubois et Lepeu, Paris, France. 1934 Maison de week-end (Henfel), La Celle Saint Cloud, France. Immeuble Project Feuardent 1934, Paris, France. 1935 Pavillon du jeune homme, Brussels, Belgium. Urban Development Project Bat’a 1935, Hellocourt, France. Aménagement 1935 Project of the tête du pont de Saint Cloud, Boulogne sur Seine, France. Aérogare Project 1935, Le Bourget, France. Project 1935 Centre d’esthétique contemporaine, Paris, France. Project 1935 Immeuble Boulevard Montmartre, Paris, France. Urban Development Project Bat’a 1935, Zlín, Czech Republic. Project 1935 Boutique Bat’a. 1935 Villa Le Sextant, Les Mathes, France. 1936 Ministry of Health and Education (with Oscar Niemeyer and Lucio Costa), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 1936 Project of Paquebots AMENAGEMENTS. Project 1936 d’un médecin Habitation: RAM, Romainville, France. Stade Project 1936 100 000 places, Paris, France. Project 1936 Bat’a Pavillon, Paris, France. Facom Bureaux Project 1936, Gentilly, France. 1936 Pavillon des Temps Nouveaux, Paris, France. Cité universitaire Project 1936, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Project 1937 Cartesian Gratte-ciel. Ilot unhealthy Project 1937 No. 6, Paris, France. Project 1937 Maison de week-end Jaoul. Project 1937 Pavillon de la France à l’exposition de l’eau, Liège, Belgium. Project 1937 Appartement, velodrome d’hiver, Paris, France. Immeuble Félix Project 1937, Paris, France. Draft 1937 Plan de Paris, Paris, France. 1938 Monument Project Paul Vaillant Couturier, Villejuif, France. AMENAGEMENTS 1938 Project of the place de la mairie, Boulogne-sur-Seine, France. Project 1938 Immeuble Paul Chotard, Paris, France. Project 1938 Centre scientifique de la main d’oeuvre, Paris, France. Draft 1938 Plan directeur, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Project 1938 Gratte-ciel, quartier de la Marine, cité des affaires, Algiers, Algeria. 1938 Centre de réadaptation des jeunes chômeurs, Paris, France. Project 1939 Station biologique, Roscoff, France. Project 1939 Ideal Home, Arundell Clarke et Entwistle, London, UK. Musée à croissance 1939 illimitée Project. 1939 Ecole Project steering wheel (with Jean Prouvé). Project 1939 montées Maisons à sec: MAS. Aménagement Project 1939, Vars, France. 1940 Project Planning, Vezelay, France. Logis provisoires Project 1940. Project 1940 Pavillon pour 40 hommes. Project 1940 Maisons pour ingénieurs et contremaîtres SPA, Lannemezan, France. Project 1940 Usine, Rozeille Moutiers, France. Maisons Project Murondins 1940. Résidence Project 1942, domaine agricole Peyrissac, Cherchell, Algeria. Urban Project 1943, Saint-Gaudens, France. Project 1944 Unités d’habitation, recherches. Project 1944 transitoires Unités d’habitation. Project 1944 Usine see you. 1945 Project Planning, Marseille-Veyras, France. Basilique Project 1945, La Sainte Baume, France. Exposition l’Habitat 1945 Project 45, Paris, France. Urban Project 1945, Saint-Die, France. Urban Project 1945, La Rochelle The Pallice, France. Usine Project SCAN 1945, La Rochelle The Pallice, France. 1946 Usine Duval, Saint-Die, France. 1946-1952 Housing Unit, Marseille, France. Project 1947 Palais des Nations Unies, New York, USA. UU. 1948 Project Planning, Izmir, Turkey. Project 1948 Exposition de la femme Française, Versailles, France. Bally Magasin Project 1948, 11 Bd de la Madeleine, Paris, France. Paul Prado Villa Project 1949, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Project 1949 Exposition des Arts Synthèse majeurs, Porte Maillot, Paris, France. Project 1949 Roq et Rob, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France. Project 1949 Unité d’habitation, Porte de Saint-Cloud, Paris, France. Villa du Docteur Curutchet 1949, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Project 1950 Vallée des loisirs, Chandigarh, India. 1950 Draft Audiovisual Institute, Chandigarh, India. Project 1950 Maison des peons 110 m2, Chandigarh, India. Project 1950 Monument des martyrs, Chandigarh, India. Project 1950 Palais du gouverneur, Chandigarh, India. P. 1950 Draft T. T Building, Chandigarh, India. Stade Project 1950, Chandigarh, India. 1950-Sukhna Barrage Dam Project, Chandigarh, India. 1950 Project Planning, Chandigarh, India. Cinéma Project 1950, Chandigarh, India. Gouverneur du Village Project 1950, Chandigarh, India. Market Station Project 1950 V2, Chandigarh, India. 1950 Maison Fueter Project, Lac de Constance, Switzerland. Project 1950 Tour d’ombre, Chandigarh, India. Arborisation Project 1950, Chandigarh, India. Project 1950 Grain Market, Chandigarh, India. 1950 Project Planning, Bogotá, Colombia. Project 1950 Immeuble Boulevard Montmorency, Paris, France. Memorial Project 1950 Amritsar, Chandigarh, India. Project 1950 Art Gallery, Chandigarh, India. Thapar 1950 Project Bureau, Chandigarh, India. Bureau du gouvernement Project 1950, Chandigarh, India. Centre culturel Project 1950, Chandigarh, India. City Center Project 1950, Chandigarh, India. Cité industrielle Project 1950, Chandigarh, India. 1950 Project Planning, sud Marseille, France. 1951 Villa Sarabhai, Ahmedabad, India. Urbanisation Project quartier 1951 Rotterdam, Strasbourg, France. 1951 Palais de l’Unesco, Paris, France. Palais des Filateurs 1951, Ahmedabad, India. Musée 1951, Ahmedabad, India. 1951-1952 The Cabanon, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France. 1951-1955 Chapel Notre-Dame-du-Haut, Ronchamp, France. Homes Jaoul 1951-1955, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. 1951-1955 Courthouse, Chandigarh, India. 1951-1956 Shodhan House, Ahmedabad, India. 1951-1958 Secretariat, Chandigarh, India. 1951-1962 Palace of Assembly, Chandigarh, India. Project 1952 Flying Club, Doncourt, France. 1952 Rezé Unité d’habitation, Rezé, France. 1952 Musée et Galerie d’Art, Chandigarh, India. Project 1952 Etude d’habitation HEM, Roubaix, France. Project type 1953 Maison La Rochelle. 1953 Villa Chimanbhai Project, Ahmedabad, India. 1953 Maison du Brésil, Cité Universitaire, Paris, France. Club Nautique 1953, Chandigarh, India. 1953-1960 Convent of La Tourette-sur-l’Arbresle Eveux, France. Project 1955 Unité d’habitation, Meaux, France. Project 1955 montées Maisons à sec, Lagny, France. 1955 Project Planning, Meaux, France. Tombe 1955 Le Corbusier, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France. Project 1955 Maisons rural Chessy, France. 1955 Barrage, Bhakra, India. Maisons de vacances Project 1956 3.66 x 3.66, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France. 1956 Stade, Firminy, France. Stade 1956, Baghdad, Iraq. 1956 Unité d’Habitation of Briey en Forêt, Briey en Forêt, France. 1956 Maison de la Culture, Firminy, France. Hôpital Project 1956, Flers, France. Etude Project 1956 2.26 x 2.26, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France. 1957 Unité d’Habitation of Berlin-Charlottenburg, Berlin, Germany. 1958 Philips Pavilion, Brussels Expo, Brussels, Belgium. Urban Project 1958: concours, Berlin, Germany. Project 1958 Unité d’habitation, Boe, France. 1959 National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, Japan. 1959 Ecole d’Art, Chandigarh, India. 1959-1962 Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts, Cambridge, USA. UU. Project 1960 Unité d’habitation, Villacoublay, France. 1960 Unité d’Habitation Firminy Firminy, France. Project 1960 Aménagement de la Vallée Meuse, France. Project 1960 Eglise Saint Pierre, Firminy, France. Project 1960 Centre culturel, Fort Lamy, Chad. Project 1960 Unité d’habitation, Tours, France. Project 1960 Unité d’habitation, Roussillon, France. Ecluse of Niffer Kembs 1960, Kembs, France. Project 1960 Unité d’habitation, Bretigny, France. Project 1961 Palais des Congrès et hôtel (Gare d’Orsay), Paris, France. Project 1962 Centre international d’art, Erlenbach, Germany. Project 1962 Palais des Congrès, Strasbourg, France. Eglise Project 1962, Bologna, Italy. Project 1962 Pavillon d’exposition, Palais Ahrenberg, Stockholm, Sweden. Project 1963 Olivetti, center of Calculs électroniques, Rho, Italy. 1963-1967 Centre Le Corbusier, Zurich, Switzerland. Hôpital Project 1964, Venice, Italy. Ambassade de France 1964 Project, Brasilia, Brazil. Project 1964 Musée du XXe siècle, Nanterre: La Défense, France.

AWARDS / Awards 1959 Medal of Merit awarded by Queen Elizabeth of England. Gold Medal 1959 Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA).

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* Extracted from:

www. soloarquitectura. with

www. biografiasyvidas. com

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In his travels through the archipelago of the Queen’s Gardens, the Spanish chronicler Antonio Perpiñá: in the middle of the spell to see from these places virtually untouched, elegant and spectacular of the Queen of the Antilles, published over one hundred years ago (1889): “country of the palms, the breeze and perfumes [...]. the foliage of its forests, the beauty of its birds, the picturesque mountains, the amazing thing about their caves, and the fun of its estuaries and its oasis planted in islands forming seas delightful, beautiful and charming. ”

The same charms remain today the cays of the Twelve Leagues also explored in 1508 by Sebastian de Ocampo, pilot Galician and servant of the Queen Dona Isabelita. From his circumnavigation of the island Juana or Cubanacán then, could report to the Governor Nicolas de Ovando, the Spanish, “that Cuba is an island, not a continent, as Columbus believed. ”

The keys of the twelve leagues is located 50 kilometers from Playa Bonita, Santa Cruz del Sur, is characterized by the difficult navigation. It covers a third of all the Jardines de la Reina and can be considered as one of the most beautiful areas of 70 000 square kilometers of the submerged platform in Cuba.

The Labyrinth of the twelve leagues extends across 135 miles of beautiful underwater sites for contemplation, with large colonies of sponges and coral gardens. Tens of kilometers long at its southern coastline, beaches of high quality by the long stretch of fine sand, between five and twenty miles of excellent water landscapes funds up to the labyrinth of the twelve leagues. At the edge of the barrier are seen black coral and various species of marine fauna, which are natural relics carefully preserved ecosystem.

Nature is amazing through the waters covering the continental shelf of this beautiful area. A large area consisting of 661 cays and islands Cayuelos gives us this beautiful crystal waters of almost perfect in some of its keys can be found fresh water, as a result of filtration of rainfall in the hollows of the rocks of some keys mainly in the Loggerhead, and mangroves that serve as a filter to tide water and rain.

Antonio Perpiñá acknowledged: “That many cays and islands are truly amenísimos orchards, planted oasis in the vast expanse of these waters populated by rich diversity of fish, and enormous rich careyes cetaceans. (They are there) [...] amphibians Manatee, mermaids or nymphs of the sea, described by poets, fish, mammals, which flaunted their bodies rotted by those banks, they catch the cool grass pasture with cattle Pacific security.

“The peace and splendor reigns in those lonely islands, islands inhabited by countless birds, birds with their harmonious singing liven up the dense forests and the verdant valleys carpeted. ”

The Spanish chronicler could also see the vast variety of corals and birds than he cataloged silver sea of many islands that “happy oasis which formed one hundred gardens, the Jardines de la Reina archipelago …”

Dissimilar seabird found that “give life and animation to the wilderness. I remember many great boobies and pelicans monstrous wings and beaks a revolution there were air and noisily rushing sea to prey upon those raised fish. ”

Among these birds, which currently abound in the twelve leagues, similarly observed flocks of coconuts (Ibis Alba), Plover and Curlew (Numenius longirostris), Flamenco (Phenicópterus ruber. Lin.) Gracilotes or gray herons (Ardea caerulea) , Hummingbirds, (Indian name is known to Guam and ZUMZUM or rezumbador.

“Those were the lonely forest inRome country of a thousand seagulls, which eu revoleteando around him, the sailor gave the most poetic landscape and embelesante. ”

The charms of the cays, mangroves, seagrass beds and coral reefs, may turn to the twelve leagues and all the cays of the Jardines de la Reina, with an area of 2170 square kilometers, a true natural wonder of the world, lavished, also by high levels of bio-diversity and conservation, with over 900 fish and 66 species of plants. These cays are of relative geological youth, dating from the Pleistocene-Holocene.

Complete fauna endemic mammal capromis pilorides Cuban, known as conga guinea pig, (the largest rodent) species that moves from one to another fell, inexplicably, over 150 km covering Gardens Queen named by Christopher Columbus. Sharks abound there: head hard (Carcharinus falciformis), playful (Carcharinus perezi) and the whale shark (Rhincodon typus), there are also certain snapper (Lutjanus cyanopterus), bonefish (Albula vulpes), shad (Megalpos atlanticus) halibut (Trachinotus falcatus), Arigua (Mycteroperca poisonous), black groupers (Mycteroperca bonaci) and joking (Epinephelus itajara).

One of the most important marine settings throughout the Caribbean. Declared a Natural Park since 1997 by Cuban authorities.

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Keep in mind that no plant grows in its natural state in a pot inside a house, must be made from time to time certain operations to keep them healthy and under control.

As a first measure to be taken into account, is to change the pot 5 or 6 times per year. It was done so that the root system is kept healthy. Must be determined first at whether the plant has outgrown the pot, that is, if the soil is not nothing but roots without soil. Q Sometimes their looks shows us, because it is disproportionate to the recipient, does not produce new shoots in spring or even some roots poke through the hole in the bottom of the pot. However, the surest way to find out is to reverse it. Hitting the rim, preferably by size, on a hard surface and pulling a bit of the plant to inspect its roots. Before the change is appropriate watering pot with abundance and drain excess water, then it must not be watered two or three days, so the roots must begin to explore the substrate in search of moisture. Despite the change of pot some plants, especially those of rapid growth, the substrate do not always get enough nutrients. Sometimes you have a oversize impossible to change, then it is necessary to feed them when they are growing or giving flowers. The easiest method is to pay them with irrigation water by soluble or granular fertilizer, placing the pot in a tablespoon and then spraying or through a foliar fertilizer that is sprayed on the leaves. Should never be applied more than the directions say in many cases it is better to err by default. Most plants need regular pruning, for some it is simply a matter of hygiene and appearance, and one need only cut the dead flowers and dead leaves or damaged. Always use sharp scissors, not rusty, and clean.

The material of “food” to be used with indoor plants is vital for some, while others thrive on any kind, all water and minerals that the plant needs for growth are absorbed from the substrate through roots. Should never be used garden soil because drainage is difficult and tends to compact quickly. The potting has traditionally been an art and a mystery. The mixture may be in proportion 3:1:3 or 3:1:2 equal parts of Resaca-earth-perlite or peat-soil – sand or compost-ground-breaker. Always make mixtures with a hangover or improved land that give nutrients, peat gives water retention and aeration and sand provides drainage. Most commercial preparations are based on these components. If you are with the highest proportion of peat will be suitable for species requiring somewhat acid soil such as ferns.

Popularity: 2% [?]

I saw him with his shyness quickly cross the street, wearing this hair classical conductors, thinking of a Baroque organ, the acoustics of auditoriums that were not yet as they should be, in the music of the Pulchra, in feeding of sounds beautiful children, adults.

Musician Angel Barja. Musicologist, Senior Lecturer in Harmony, Counterpoint, Composition and Instrumentation, composer hero who died so early, but who knew how to arouse the admiration of Germany, England, though few perhaps know or appreciate.

Popular outside his native Galicia classic polyphony, a privilege for the entire Spanish territory where he extended his work, although based in the city of León, with pioneering the choirs and chapels in the interpretation of the great vocal music. Thus, Motets and Cantatas of Bach, Monteverdi madrigals of Marenzio or even the works of Juan Vazquez were heard across the country, and renewed his audience.

Ángel Barja was a man given to culture and participate in media, working on conferences, events and all kinds of manifestations. A renaissance of the end of last century that compromise with other music lovers and good people and, above all, raised the bar of interest in good music and its performance, encouraged the students in their conservatories. And always it seemed, on the other hand, that is, as a good maverick, as a good specialist in musical culture.

Today, in these days “back home for Christmas, I saw his statue in the so-called Romantic Garden, looking at his poetic glasses and everything and I reminded him perhaps a little sad, because he always showed me a goodness straight, peaceful as anyone, thin, so thin it looked like a sigh, enigmatic and pure as an eighth, holding the note always more humane, especially once told me things of dictator Francisco Franco, the boot under which endured our parents so much indecency. . . Well, today, with all the democracy of the world but accumulated political aims both subliminally making us suffer without even realizing, as caged lambs. . . Here is the source of my sadness, Angel, that you were in music, an angel, you told me things that only a few trusted insurance. . .

Ángel Barja, today your notes, your music has touched the soul. . . just 2009 and just calm, help me from where you are with your sweet melomania to get, really, a better world. For everybody. Musical Twelve years, Angel.

Juan Carlos YAGO

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Gen. 4: 3,4

And it came in time, that Cain brought of the fruit of the ground an offering unto the LORD. And Abel also brought of the firstborn of his flock and of the fat thereof. And the LORD had regard for Abel and his offering;

After having disobeyed God’s command by eating the forbidden fruit of the tree through the garden, Adão and Eve lost their innocence, also lost what is most important they had, it was the communion with God, because the ambition had taken account of their hearts.

When the snake was introduced to Eva persuadís, inducís for disobedience. Eva had no malice in his heart, did not perceive the evil that was in that animal. Adão and Eve lived with animals all day to day, it was they who dominated on the garden, God had given them this authority.

Here we see the cowardice of our enemy, evil, cunning with which he intrude to undermine the work of God, without measuring consequences, no matter what is going to hurt, going to kill himself, will destroy families, he wants the work is atrapalhar of God.

Eva without knowing this terrible enemy was giving ear, letting the words come into your heart, and ambition grew in her heart she wanted to have understanding, knowing good and evil, wanted to be like God, as the serpent had proposed.

Eve as dominating as Zealous God’s garden, she could have sent the snake embora, but Eva attempted for the words of the serpent was possessed by Satan, and yielded to what seemed pleasing in his eyes. She ate the fruit, and gave also unto her husband, who also ate it.

At that time the devil had made plans to interfere in God, man and woman who were rulers, had been dominated by curiosity, had been dominated by what looked good in his eyes.

And disobedience, lost Intimidade with God, lost contact with God, then they were profuse apologies were many justifications for anything forward. In Genesis 2:17, God had already sentenced the man, saying that the day he ate the forbidden fruit, he would surely die, this was the sentence of God, the wages of sin

Adão and Eve now deceived by Satan, should die because they had sinned against God, but God in His infinite mercy, in the place of Eva Adão and killed an animal, saving the lives of the two, and clothed them with animal skin.

And with death, and blood derramamento of this animal, God and sacrificial expiação announced that he would come through Jesus Christ, at the time the blood of that animal was being Adão salvation and his wife, with the dress made God was with the skin covering the shame that was because of sin.

God could no longer trust the man, so he and his wife were expelled from the garden of God, to stop them from eating the fruit of the tree of life, and live forever in sin. Adão and Eve were living outside the garden, but brought with them many lessons, they learned that those higueira sheets were not sufficient to cover their bodies, they did not last very long. The skin of the animal, gave approval, as God had done.

And the children came first Caima, after Abel, the children learned from parents sacrificial faith, which pleases God. I think they went for the children, all the experience they had with God, I think with a repentant heart, broken, they told the children the way they were deceived by the devil, and had to put things behind.

And the children were educated, taught to walk according to God’s will, not yet having the same parents had contact with God, learned to worship God. And the children grew up, when young, teenagers brought an offering to God. CAIM suit the fruit of the earth, its offer to the Lord, Abel brought their first sheep they were born.

And God was pleased with the offering of Abel, Cayman was saddened and angry countenance descaiu, if he had struggled, worked hard on earth, and his offer was rejected.

Abel had offered a sheep with the fat, which I had learned with their parents, who were under the law of God’s atonement, sacrificial law.

The apprentice is to us, that God is pleased with the offer of faith, sacrifice, faith, and not supply of human thought, our own efforts, of our works. God did not accept the offer of Caima only because it was fruit of the earth, it is because Caima thought to be the fruit of their effort, their sweat, work, God would accept that beautiful basket.

Sometimes man thinks that his effort to do good works, to make any prol benfeitoria in the work of God, is enough to please God. If fools who

think so, because God accepted Abel’s sacrifice, which was the first of his flock, which rose like odor pleasing to God.

It was this that Adão and Eve after all experience with God, taught their children, faith, obedience, all who learned directly from After the cause of emotional imbalance alligator because of envy that I had the trajedias he murdered Abel after receiving the condemnation of God.

Life went on, man continued his career in the world, each trying to serve God the best way, others away from God more and more until 4 thousand years after I had Adão and Eve that sacrifice had already been announced by God in the garden, Jesus Christ was killed as the Lamb of God, bringing salvation to all mankind.

As Abel allegou and pleased God through the sacrificial lamb, we also in those close to God through Jesus Christ, the Lamb of God.

When we believe that Jesus Christ is the Lamb of God, when we make the sacrifice of Jesus Christ our salvation, when we offer ourselves to God, by faith, This is the offer that pleases God, and he accepts our offer.

God bless you,

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